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An Lushan
An Lushan (; 703〔– 29 January 757〔) was a general who launched a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty in China.
An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin,〔Yang, Zhijiu, "An Lushan". ''Encyclopedia of China'' (Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.〕〔Lin, Tianwei, "(An Lushan )". ''Chinese Encyclopedia'' (Biography Edition), 1st ed.〕〔Zhong, Han. Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia——With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Journal of Chinese Historical Studies. 2005.1. ISSN 1002-7963.'' East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.〕〔Benn, Charles. 2002. ''China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty''. Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-19-517665-0.〕 at least by adoption.〔Beckwith, 21, n. 82〕 He rose to prominence defending the northeastern border from the Khitan and other northern threats. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to get the favor of Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and new chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tension within the Empire, which was increased by the promotion of Yang Guozhong to Chancellor.
In 755,〔Beckwith, 145〕 An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation,〔Beckwith, 146〕 rose in armed revolt, proclaiming himself to be the ruler of a new dynasty, in the catastrophic An Lushan Rebellion. Viewed as paranoid and dangerous, An Lushan was assassinated in 757 by his own son, An Qingxu, after which the state of Yan continued to spiral into a turmoil that eventually led to its collapse in 763.
==Background and name==
An Lushan's mother was a Göktürk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. His original name might have been Aluoshan〔 or Galuoshan,〔〔 which meant "war" in Old Turkic.〔 His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married An Yanyan (安延偃), a Tujue military officer, a brother of the general An Bozhi (安波至). An Lushan therefore took the name of An. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's ''Kaiyuan'' era, 713–741 CE, there was a disturbance among the Göktürk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew An Sishun. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (營州, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning).〔〔
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